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Scientific name: Orchis mascula
Most of the orchids found in Britain are quite rare, but purple orchids are relatively common. They are found in woodlands and in the headlands of permanent pasture well-shaded by mature hedges. The leaves are generally, but not always, dark spotted, and although purple is the most common color of this species occasionally you may find a white variant of this spring flower. Purple orchids bloom from April to June.

Orchis Group:
There are six species of the genus Orchis

1. Purple Orchid:
This is a very common orchid and can be found in most parts of the country in woodlands and grasslands. The Purple Orchid (Orchis mascula) is the earliest orchid to flower, generally during April in the south and slightly later towards the north. Flowering continues until the end of June. It usually has a prominent dark-blotched rosette of leaves at the base and a long purple stem ending in a spike of rich purple flowers. They may be paler or even white in color. The flower is mainly purple with a paler centre and sparse spotting of the lip becoming more concentrated at the throat of the flower. The sepals are thrown back which gives the flower a more open appearance.

2. Military Orchid:
The Military (or Soldier) Orchid (Orchis militaris) is extremely rare in Britain and is found only in a couple of sites in the Buckinghamshire Chilterns and Suffolk. This orchid is dedicatedly studied, carefully conserved and manually fertilized.

3. Monkey Orchid:
The Monkey Orchid (Orchis simia) is a small plant and it is unusual for British orchids in that its flowers open from the top-down rather than the other way around. Even it is a very rare species restricted to three sites, one in Buckinghamshire and the other two in Kent.

4. Lady Orchid:
The Lady Orchid (Orchis purpurea) can be found in dense woodland extending out into clearings. It can grow up to two feet in height and the flower head may have up to 50 flowers.

5. Burnt Orchid:
The Burnt Orchid (Orchis ustulata) gets its name from the burnt top of the flower head. It is found in sites in southern England on the Wiltshire Downs.

6. Green-winged Orchid:
The Green-winged or Green-veined Orchid (Orchis morio) is common in suitable, undisturbed, neutral or calcareous grassland. The flowers of are normally purple or pink color but white specimens can be quite commonly found.

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The orchid family is one of the largest families in the flowering plants kingdom. It has more than 20,000 species worldwide. Orchids are generally found throughout the world ranging from the tropics to the subarctic zone. However, the orchid-richest areas are generally found in the tropics and subtropics. Orchids are also found well represented in the Southern African region; in total there are around 467 species in 53 genera are indigenous in this region, out of which 65% are endemic which comes to almost three times as many orchids as grow in Europe.
There are people who frequently ask what distinguishes an orchid from any other plant? There are several characteristics which would help people to distinguish an orchid from any other plant. We generally comment only on those which are easy to distinguish just by seeing.

The most important characteristic of an orchid is that, it is irregular or zygomorphic flowers. The perianth about it is that it is usually clearly divided into an upper and a lower half. The perianth always has six lobes which are often arranged in two whorls of three. The lip or labellum of an orchid is usually a prominent and highly complicated lobe. A significant exception is our African genus Disa, which has a simple and rather insignificant lip.

Most of the orchid flowers twist through 180

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Caring for your orchids is very important for their life. Here’s a way to care for the different species of orchids.

Phalaenopsis

Light: They grow and bloom well in a bright window or a room with little or no sun.
Temperature: They grow well under warmer conditions.
Water: Watering is very important, as they have no water storage capacity.
Humidity: They require humidity level between 60 to 80 percent.
Fertilizers: Apply a balanced fertilizer or a slow-release solid fertilizer.

Vanda

Light: A vandaceous plant needs high light conditions.
Temperature: About 60 to 75 degrees at night and 85 to 95 degrees during the day are recommended.
Water: Water should be given frequently.
Humidity: Provide them with 70 to 80 percent humidity.
Fertilizers: Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer on a regular basis.

Oncidium

Light: Oncidium that is grown indoors will require less light.
Temperature: About 60 to 65 degrees at night and 80 to 90 degrees during the day.
Water: They should be watered thoroughly and allowed to dry before watering again.
Humidity: About 40 to 60 percent, as oncidiums do not require humid conditions.
Fertilizers: Use a balanced fertilizer during their growing period.

Miltonia

Light: Miltonias require high light conditions.
Temperature: About 50-65 degrees during the night and 75-85 degrees during the day.
Water: Water them heavily and evenly during their growing period.
Humidity: Humidity level of 60 to 70 percent is required.
Fertilizers: Fertilize regularly using a balanced fertilizer.

Cattleya

Light: One of the most important requirements is bright light.
Temperature: They require temperatures from 50-55 degrees at night to 70-100 degrees during the day.
Water: They need to dry out thoroughly between waterings.
Humidity: A humidity level of approximately 60 percent.
Fertilizers: As with all orchids, follow a regular feeding program.

Dendrobium

Light: Bright lighting is a necessary element for them to bloom.
Temperature: They require night temperatures of 60 to 65 degrees and day temperatures of 80 to 100 degrees.
Water: They need moisture when they are young and vigorously growing.
Humidity: A humidity level of about 60 percent.
Fertilizers: Dendrobiums are fast-growing plants and should be fed on a regular schedule.

PHAIUS

Light: Their leaves are very wide, so give them less light.
Temperature: A temperature of 50 to 95 degrees is ideal.
Water: Keep them evenly moist at all times.
Humidity: The humidity level required is about 60 percent.
Fertilizers: Use a solid, slow-release fertilizer.

BULBOPHYLLUM

Light: They are low-light requirement plants.
Temperature: They require temperatures running from 55 to 95 degrees.
Watering: They grow well with watering twice a day.
Humidity: A humidity level of 60 percent is ideal.
Fertilizers: Use a balanced fertilizer twice a month.

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Vanda’s orchids are those fascinating orchids that may be grown with relative ease. Vanda orchids are monopodial. The growth of vandal orchids arises from the crown of the plant. Flowers of vandal orchids are available in superbly rich colors also including blue, red, orange and yellow. The flower spikes of vandal are the one which usually carry 8 to 10 blooms, which arises from the base of the leaves and last for several weeks.
Lighting
Vanda orchids requires plenty of light. The direct morning and late afternoon sun can be easily tolerated by Vanda, provided the exposure occurs gradually. The Vanda plants are required to adapt slowly to the any increase in lighting. Always provide full morning sun whenever possible.
Temperature
Vanda orchids are always preferred to be kept on the warmer side. These plants thrive when the nighttime temperatures are between 55 to 70

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Orchids are the perennial flowering plants which belong to the genus known as "Orchidaceae". Orchids are the most passionately cultivated flowers in the world and also have been symbols for the exotic and mysterious and signify romance, extravagance and the desire for intimacy.

Orchids are some of the most bizarre and diverse plants on earth, and they generally grow in virtually every colour and every shape. Orchids are also the masters of sexual deception.

There are various ways of planting orchids.
Way of

Inorder to let the orchids grow well all material provide must be well aeration and drainage. Take for example pot, slabs of tree trunk, coconut shell, etc.

Various Potting Medium:-

Various materials such as broken bricks, charcoal, coconut husks, etc are all very good for planting as to provide the plants to be firmly anchored.

Some of the orchids are required to be shelter to grow well. Few example of these are the cattley, Phalenopsis and the Dendrobium. Unlike Vanda, Renanthera, and Morakar as they always require direct sunlight.

All the seedlings will always grow better under shade as it always helps to protect the hard heating of the raindrops.

Most of the commercial plants are required to be replanted after every 5 years as then plants and flowers are no longer strong and healthy.

Fertilizer:-

Orchids require more food during their active growth and during their different growth stage.

1) The inorganic chemicals:: 67 (many other brand) and:: 63 should be taken and then dissolved in water. After dissolving it should be sprayed onto the plant, both on the root and leaves of the plants twice a month.

2) The organic Fertilizers such as: Animal Dune is to be applied little at a time but always do it frequently.

Watering:-
Watering an orchid does not require hard and fast rule for when to water. There is no specific timing for watering but you can kill the plant by over watering. So always remember not to over water the plant. Always water the plants depending upon the condition of the environment.

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The scientific name of ghost orchid is Epipogium aphyllum. It is also known as spurred coral-root.

Facts about Ghost Orchids:
Kingdom – Plantae
Phylum – Anthophyta
Class – Liliopsida
Order – Orchidales
Family – Orhidaceae
Genus – Epipogium

Size of Ghost Orchids:
Stem length: Ranging from 5cm to 20 cm
Size of flowers: Approximately 15 – 20 mm (measured vertically)

Status of Ghost Orchids:
This orchid is specially protected in Britain under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.

Description of Ghost Orchids:
According to what its common name suggests, the ghost orchid is a mysterious plant. It spends a larger part of its life underground tends to disappear and suddenly reappear unexpectedly in an area. Also, this orchid certainly does have a ghostly quality because it completely lacks chlorophyll, the green pigment found in almost all plants. This is why it has a pale and waxy appearance. The stem is translucent with a slight tinge of pink and with many reddish streaks. The leaves are reduced to small scales and lie at the base of the plant. Higher up on the plant they take the form of one or two sheaths and fit snugly around the stem. Pale flowers are produced in quantity ranging from one to four which hang on fine stalks and are spotted with violet color. The ghost orchid species has a long-lived underground storage organ known as rhizome which looks like coral.

Range of Ghost Orchids:
In Britain, it has been found typically in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire. Globally, its range extends from north and central Europe south to the Pyrenees, the north of Greece and Crimea. It also occurs in Siberia, the Caucasus and Himalaya.

Habitat of Ghost Orchids:
Ghost Orchids are typically found growing in beech (Fagus), or more rarely, oak (Quercus) woodlands in deep leaf-litter or on rotten stumps where there is very little or no ground flora.

Biology of Ghost Orchids:
Ghost orchids are saprophytic, which means they obtain nutrients from dead organic matter. They lack the green pigment chlorophyll because they do not photosynthesize. The underground rhizomes can live for a very long time, but they do not produce stems every year. The flowers are pollinated by various bumblebees and other insects, but seeds are very rarely produced.

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Name: The Dendrobium Orchid is also known as the "Singapore Orchid".
Description of Singapore Orchids: They are sprays of 10-12 dainty flowers on slender stems, often like daffodils in shape.
Color: Singapore Orchids are available in creamy white, bright magenta purple, pink, green, red and some striped shades.
Availability of Singapore Orchids: They are available all year round.
Family: Singapore Orchids or Dendrobiums are just one species of orchid. There are more than 250,000 different orchid species and hybrids known. The most decorative have been bred for cut flower use.
Care Tips for Singapore Orchids: Like most orchids they are very long-lasting both on the plant and even after being cut and keep looking fresh for up to three weeks or more. Faded flowers on the bottom of the stem or spike can be removed to encourage upper buds to open.
Facts: Singapore or Dendrobium orchids once used to be considered exotic and extravagant but in these days they have become much more widely available. However, they still ooze glamour and elegance, because just a couple of stems can add a sophisticated touch to a room
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Dendrobium Ekapol (Singapore Orchids)

Dendrobiums are among the most popular among cut- flowers. Dendrobium Ekapol is currently one of the most popular of the Dendrobiums cultivated in Singapore. Singapore Orchids are easy to cultivate and they should be kept under semi- shadeed conditions, fertilized and watered regularly but the roots should be allowed to dry out between 2 waterings.

The climate in Singapore changes with altitude and in mountainous areas there are cool, misty nights and warmer, bright days. The exquisite cool and intermediate miniatures like the Cuthbertsonii grow here. Do not allow them to dry out completely and feed often with dilute fertilizer. The river valleys between the mountain ranges are warm and wet, and some of the most exotic Singapore Orchids like Lasianthera and many Latouria types with long lasting flowers grow here. These orchids need generous feeding and watering. The southern plains resemble Queensland but are wet and very warm all throughout the year and some of the outstanding species from this area are Bigibbum and Canaliculatum, the former often found growing on rocks and the latter on the trunks of paperbark trees.

There are various Dendrobium hybrids and these are almost always derived from species within one group, Himalayan, Australian or New Guinea. Most of the Singapore Orchids, although developed there, are derived from species of New Guinea and the adjacent islands and need almost the same culture as the River Valley New Guinea species.

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For many years people thought that orchids were ‘greenhouse only’ plants. Some varieties of orchids are difficult to grow, and therefore meant only for greenhouse culture, but there are many other varieties which if given appropriate conditions and care grow well in a home environment. Quite contrary to popular belief all orchids do not require warm temperatures; in fact many orchids do better with cool temperatures ranging from 60 to 70 degrees in the day and about 55 degrees at night. Since orchids are quite expensive as compared to most of the house plants, one should always make the choice wisely, and according to the conditions which one will be able to provide.

Basic care and requirements of orchids:

Most orchids that are suited for home culture are the ones that grow in nature perched high on the trees, clinging to branches or in the trunk apex of the trees known as epiphytic jungle plants. They derive nutrition from the air, rain, and any decaying vegetation that the roots contact. For growing these orchids successfully you will need to duplicate the native conditions as much as possible.

1. Humidity: Orchids need a high humidity of at least 50%. Therefore it is almost necessary for the pots to be positioned above a tray filled with pebbles and water but the orchid pots themselves shouldn’t set directly on the pebbles because drainage is an essential element too. Misting the orchids can be beneficial too, but this should be done only when there is sufficient light and air circulation so that the orchids can dry before night.

2. Watering: Orchids should be watered approximately once a week when the soil becomes dry, but they must never be allowed to remain wet or soggy for more than one or two days at a time. The best water to use is the one which has been allowed to sit for 24 hours so as to allow the chemicals to dissipate. One should feed orchids with water soluble ‘orchid fertilizer’ every two weeks during the growing season.

3. Light: The light requirements for orchids vary with the types of plants. About four hours of sunlight is required during the winter months if you want orchids to thrive and bloom. In the absence of natural sun, use of fluorescent ‘grow lights’ can provide necessary light.

4. Medium of potting: It is recommend using ready made orchid potting mixes which are available at most garden centers or orchid growers themselves. One should use mixes mainly because of the ease and availability. Also it is fairly inexpensive and is blended to the proper texture and acidity. If you want to make your own mix, you can do so by mixing components like osmunda fiber, ground tree fern stem, or ground bark.

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Orchids represent love, luxury and beauty. Orchids are often described as "living jewels". Orchids are beautiful, fascinating flowers. These flowers are composed of three inner petals, three petals surrounding the inner ones, and a cupped petal distinct from the rest. These arrangements of petals give them a distinct look. You can find an Orchid, which looks like bee or moth, and even a lizard. A bloom of orchid can liven any dull room in your house! They make beautiful showpieces.

Types of Orchids
There are over 25,000 to 30,000 different types of orchids. Orchids have adapted to extremes of conditions. Orchids have been decorating planet earth for last one hundred and twenty million years. An orchid plant can be microscopic or it can be several feet tall. An orchid can be very tiny and it can be as big as the size of Human hand. The blooms come in a great variety of colors. Orchids can grow in just about any climate. It can grow on tree branches, rocks, or the ground. Countries like India, Thailand, China, Singapore, Madagascar, Brazil, and Guatemala are the main exporters of Orchids These dramatic species take varying amounts of time to bloom. Some take up to 10 or more years to bloom, while hybrids like Dendrobium genus bloom in a year

There are three basic types of orchids, depending on their water requirement:
* Those which require moist environment through out the year e.g. Paphiopedilum, Cymbidium, Odontoglossum.

* Those who need water only during active growth e.g. Cattelya, Oncidium, Dendrobium
* Those who do not need water or should be kept dry e.g. vanda Ascocend.

Orchids have used innovative methods for self-perpetuation. They attract bees by emitting sweet smell. By creating visual patterns they disguise themselves like butterflies or insects and attract pollinators. They produce slippery substance on which pollinator slides and brushes pollen. Thus carries pollen back with it. Mammals, hummingbirds and bats also contribute to pollination.

On the Verge of extinction:

To Greeks it represented virility and for Chinese it was "King of Fragrance" during middle ages. Thus were in demand. During 18th century some collectors started collecting them. Soon forests were stripped of Orchids. William Cattley was the first person to grow orchids in his garden. Orchids today are also sold at the rate of thousand dollars per bloom. Price of an Orchid bloom has attracted many. They are smuggled and third world countries loose their share. In addition to that some believe that smugglers will bring about the extinction of Orchids. Though some disagree and put forth that it may preserve species. Future of Orchids is uncertain. Will species be able to survive such mass destruction only time can tell!

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Orchids generally grow slow as compared to houseplants. Most of the orchids are required to be repotted about once every two years. In order to pot an orchid, the pot is filled with about two-thirds orchid potting medium and then the plant is set in the pot with its roots spread out properly. The growing tip of the orchid is either centered (monopodials) or placed two fingers away from the pot rim (sympodial). Then the additional media is packed very tightly around the orchid plant to hold it in place. You should be able to turn the pot upside down carefully without the orchid or medium falling out. More and more practice of growing orchids will insure successful repotting.
The various factors which are required to grow orchids are:
Light:
The ideal place in the home for growing orchids is a place which has a bright window, free from drafts, where your plants can receive indirect sunlight both in the morning and in the afternoon. (A south window is recommended for the best result.)During winters, always give orchids all the light possible. The light intensity for growing orchid should be between 1500 and 2000 foot candles the equivalent to a bright south-facing window. With the provision of an extra large windows or especially intense sunlight, the light may be adjusted downward by moving orchid plants 18 to 36 inches away from the window. Many orchids can also be grown in a greenhouse or outdoors.
Artificial Light:
If you neither have a greenhouse nor the proper windowsill conditions, then the fluorescent lighting provides a very good result. You can also grow and flower many types of orchids in the darkest basement or the shadiest apartment with the addition of just one shop light.
Humidity:
The evaporation of water from the pebbles provides humidity to the plant. The pebbles also make the growing area more attractive, with the assurance of a good drainage system. One should always moist the plants with distilled water as the tap water can lead to salt deposits on the leaves.
Watering:
Watering is the most important factor for growing any plant. When you grow the plants in the pots suspended in the air, they will generally dry out more rapidly than in the bench grown plants and will need watering more frequently. Orchids which are potted in the bark requires more frequent watering as compared than those in most other potting media. Orchids can be grouped into three categories as per their moisture requirements.
Fertilization:
While fertilizing the plants growing in osmunda, bark or peat/bark mixes, always use a complete liquid fertilizer with a 20-20-20 analysis, or a 30-10-10 orchid-special fertilizer. Always apply the fertilizer in place of a normal water application.